Multi-antenna transmission protocols for high doppler conditions

ABSTRACT

In response to a metric (e.g., Doppler metric) exceeding a threshold, a network node device can facilitate transmitting a message instructing a user equipment to enable reception of transmission signals having a precoding rank value of one. The network node device can send a reference signal having the precoding rank value of one, and receive feedback from the user equipment comprising an indicator of channel quality. Optionally, in response to the metric exceeding a threshold, the network node device can facilitate transmitting a message instructing the user equipment to respond to a reference signal by providing feedback comprising a first indicator of rank having a value of one, and a second indicator of channel quality.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present application relates generally to the field of mobilecommunication and more specifically to multi-antenna transmissionprotocols for high doppler conditions.

BACKGROUND

Radio technologies in cellular communications have grown rapidly andevolved since the launch of analog cellular systems in the 1980s,starting from the First Generation (1G) in 1980s, Second Generation (2G)in 1990s, Third Generation (3G) in 2000s, and Fourth Generation (4G) in2010s (including variants of LTE such as TD-LTE, AXGP, LTE-A andTD-LTE-A and other releases). The amount of traffic in cellular networkshas experienced a tremendous amount of growth and expansion, and thereare no indications that such growth will decelerate. It is expected thatthis growth will include use of the network not only by humans, but alsoby an increasing number of machines that communicate with each other,for example, surveillance cameras, smart electrical grids, sensors, homeappliances and other technologies in connected homes, and intelligenttransportation systems (e.g., the Internet of Things (IOT)). Additionaltechnological growth includes 4K video, augmented reality, cloudcomputing, industrial automation, and V2V.

Consequently, advancement in future networks are driven by the need toprovide and account for massive connectivity and volume, expandedthroughput and capacity, and ultra-low latency. Fifth generation (5G)access networks, which can also be referred to as New Radio (NR) accessnetworks, are currently being developed and expected to handle a verywide range of use cases and requirements, including among others mobilebroadband (MBB) and machine type communications (e.g., involving IOTdevices). For mobile broadband, 5G wireless communication networks areexpected to fulfill the demand of exponentially increasing data trafficand to allow people and machines to enjoy gigabit data rates withvirtually zero latency. Compared to existing fourth generation (4G)technologies, such as long-term evolution (LTE) networks and advancedLTE networks, 5G provides better speeds and coverage than the existing4G network, targeting much higher throughput with low latency andutilizing higher carrier frequencies (e.g., higher than 6 Ghz) and widerbandwidths. A 5G network also increases network expandability up tohundreds of thousands of connections.

The above-described background relating to wireless networks is merelyintended to provide a contextual overview of some current issues, and isnot intended to be exhaustive. Other contextual information may becomefurther apparent upon review of the following detailed description.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Non-limiting and non-exhaustive embodiments of the subject disclosureare described with reference to the following figures, wherein likereference numerals refer to like parts throughout the various viewsunless otherwise specified.

FIG. 1 illustrates an example wireless communication system in which anetwork node device (e.g., network node) and user equipment (UE) canimplement various aspects and embodiments of the subject disclosure.

FIG. 2 illustrates a general structure of a 4G MIMO transmissionprotocol, or scheme, in accordance with various aspects and embodimentsof the subject disclosure.

FIG. 3 illustrates an example of the concept of rank, showing a rank 1transmitter, contrasted with a rank 4 transmitter.

FIG. 4 illustrates an example message sequence chart between a networknode device and a UE for a closed loop MIMO scheme in accordance withvarious aspects and embodiments of the subject disclosure.

FIG. 5 illustrates a graph showing the spectral efficiency of a closedloop MIMO protocol as a function of Doppler frequency in accordance withvarious aspects and embodiments of the subject disclosure.

FIG. 6 illustrates a diagram showing example embodiments of togglingbetween a closed loop MIMO protocol and a rank 1 precoder cyclingprotocol depending on Doppler frequency, in accordance with variousaspects and embodiments of the subject disclosure.

FIG. 7 illustrates a graph showing the spectral efficiency of both aclosed loop MIMO protocol and a rank-1 precoder cycling protocol as afunction of Doppler frequency, in accordance with various aspects andembodiments of the subject disclosure.

FIG. 8 illustrates a message sequence chart between a network node and aUE for a rank-1 precoder cycling protocol, in accordance with variousaspects and embodiments of the subject disclosure.

FIG. 9 illustrates an example flow chart having a Doppler metric as adecision criteria, in accordance with various aspects and embodiments ofthe subject disclosure.

FIG. 10 illustrates a message sequence chart between a network node anda UE involving use of a codebook subset restriction (CBSR), inaccordance with various aspects and embodiments of the subjectdisclosure.

FIG. 11 illustrates another example flow chart having a Doppler metricas a decision criteria, in accordance with various aspects andembodiments of the subject disclosure.

FIG. 12 illustrates operations that can be performed by a network nodedevice relating to rank-1 precoder cycling in accordance with variousaspects and embodiments of the subject disclosure.

FIG. 13 illustrates operations that can be performed by a network nodedevice relating to closed loop MIMO with CBSR, in accordance withvarious aspects and embodiments of the subject disclosure.

FIG. 14 illustrates operations that can be performed by a UE relating torank-1 precoder cycling in accordance with various aspects andembodiments of the subject disclosure.

FIG. 15 illustrates another set of operations that can be performed by anetwork node device relating to rank-1 precoder cycling in accordancewith various aspects and embodiments of the subject disclosure.

FIG. 16 illustrates an example block diagram of an example userequipment that can be a mobile handset in accordance with variousaspects and embodiments of the subject disclosure.

FIG. 17 illustrates an example block diagram of a computer that can beoperable to execute processes and methods in accordance with variousaspects and embodiments of the subject disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The subject disclosure is now described with reference to the drawings,wherein like reference numerals are used to refer to like elementsthroughout. The following description and the annexed drawings set forthin detail certain illustrative aspects of the subject matter. However,these aspects are indicative of but a few of the various ways in whichthe principles of the subject matter can be employed. Other aspects,advantages, and novel features of the disclosed subject matter willbecome apparent from the following detailed description when consideredin conjunction with the provided drawings. In the following description,for purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth inorder to provide a thorough understanding of the subject disclosure. Itmay be evident, however, that the subject disclosure may be practicedwithout these specific details. In other instances, well-knownstructures and devices are shown in block diagram form in order tofacilitate describing the subject disclosure. For example, the methods(e.g., processes and logic flows) described in this specification can beperformed by devices (e.g., a user equipment (UE), a network nodedevice, etc.) comprising programmable processors that execute machineexecutable instructions to facilitate performance of the operationsdescribed herein. Examples of such devices can be devices comprisingcircuitry and components as described in FIG. 16 and FIG. 17.

The present patent application relates to the implementation ofmulti-antenna transmission schemes in response to high Dopplerconditions. In this regard, described herein are example computerprocessing systems, computer-implemented methods, apparatus, andcomputer program products whereby a network node device can, in responseto a metric (e.g., Doppler metric) being determined to exceed athreshold, change to a different transmission protocol. The protocol canbe, for example, a rank 1 precoder cycling state, whereby the networknode can facilitate transmitting a message instructing a user equipmentto enable reception of transmission signals having a precoding rankvalue of one (rank of “1”). The network node device can send a referencesignal having the precoding rank value of one, and receive feedback fromthe UE comprising an indicator of channel quality. In other embodiments,in response to the metric being determined to exceed a threshold, thenetwork node can use an existing closed loop MIMO protocol, or scheme,in which a codebook subset restriction (CBSR) is used. This can involve,for example, facilitating the transmission of a message instructing theuser equipment to respond to a reference signal by including in achannel state information feedback a first indicator of rank (e.g., rankindicator, or RI in LTE terminology) having a value of one, and a secondindicator of channel quality (e.g., channel quality indicator, or CQI inLTE terms). In both protocols of these protocols, the UE can beinstructed not to report an indicator of channel state information(e.g., a pre-coding matrix indicator, or PMI in LTE terms).

FIG. 1 illustrates an example wireless communication system 100 inaccordance with various aspects and embodiments of the subjectdisclosure. In one or more embodiments, system 100 can comprise one ormore user equipment UEs 102. The non-limiting term user equipment canrefer to any type of device that can communicate with a network node ina cellular or mobile communication system. A UE can have one or moreantenna panels having vertical and horizontal elements. Examples of a UEcomprise a target device, device to device (D2D) UE, machine type UE orUE capable of machine to machine (M2M) communications, personal digitalassistant (PDA), tablet, mobile terminals, smart phone, laptop mountedequipment (LME), universal serial bus (USB) dongles enabled for mobilecommunications, a computer having mobile capabilities, a mobile devicesuch as cellular phone, a laptop having laptop embedded equipment (LEE,such as a mobile broadband adapter), a tablet computer having a mobilebroadband adapter, a wearable device, a virtual reality (VR) device, aheads-up display (HUD) device, a smart car, a machine-type communication(MTC) device, and the like. User equipment TIE 102 can also comprise IOTdevices that communicate wirelessly.

In various embodiments, system 100 is or comprises a wirelesscommunication network serviced by one or more wireless communicationnetwork providers. In example embodiments, a UE 102 can becommunicatively coupled to the wireless communication network via anetwork node 104. The network node (e.g., network node device) cancommunicate with user equipment (UE), thus providing connectivitybetween the UE and the wider cellular network.

Still referring to FIG. 1, a network node can have a cabinet and otherprotected enclosures, an antenna mast, and multiple antennas forperforming various transmission operations MIMO operations). Networknodes can serve several cells, also called sectors, depending on theconfiguration and type of antenna. Examples of network nodes (e.g.,network node 104) can include but are not limited to: NodeB devices,base station (BS) devices, mobile stations, access point (AP) devices,and radio access network (RAN) devices. The network node 104 can alsoinclude multi-standard radio (MSR) radio node devices, including but notlimited to: an MSR BS, an eNode B device (e.g., evolved NodeB), anetwork controller, a radio network controller (RNC), a base stationcontroller (BSC), a relay, a donor node controlling relay, a basetransceiver station (BTS), an access point, a transmission point (TP), atransmission/receive point (TRP), a transmission node, a remote radiounit (RRU), a remote radio head (RRH), nodes in distributed antennasystem (DAS), and the like. In 5G terminology, the node is referred toby some as a gNodeB device.

In example embodiments, the UE 102 can send and/or receive communicationdata via a wireless link to the network node 104. The dashed arrow linesfrom the network node 104 to the UE 102 represent downlink (DL)communications and the solid arrow lines from the UE 102 to the networknodes 104 represents an uplink (UL) communication.

System 100 can further include one or more communication serviceprovider networks 106 that facilitate providing wireless communicationservices to various UEs, including UE 102, via the network node 104and/or various additional network devices (not shown) included in theone or more communication service provider networks 106. The one or morecommunication service provider networks 106 can include various types ofdisparate networks, including but not limited to: cellular networks,femto networks, picocell networks, microcell networks, internet protocol(IP) networks Wi-Fi service networks, broadband service network,enterprise networks, cloud based networks, and the like. For example, inat least one implementation, system 100 can be or include a large scalewireless communication network that spans various geographic areas.According to this implementation, the one or more communication serviceprovider networks 106 can be or include the wireless communicationnetwork and/or various additional devices and components of the wirelesscommunication network (e.g., additional network devices and cell,additional UEs, network server devices, etc.). The network node 104 canbe connected to the one or more communication service provider networks106 via one or more backhaul links 108. For example, the one or morebackhaul links 108 can comprise wired link components, such as a T1/E1phone line, a digital subscriber line (DSL) (e.g., either synchronous orasynchronous), an asymmetric DSL (ADSL), an optical fiber backbone, acoaxial cable, and the like. The one or more backhaul links 108 can alsoinclude wireless link components, such as but not limited to,line-of-sight (LOS) or non-LOS links which can include terrestrialair-interfaces or deep space links (e.g., satellite communication linksfor navigation).

Wireless communication system 100 can employ various cellular systems,technologies, and modulation schemes to facilitate wireless radiocommunications between devices (e.g., the UE 102 and the network node104). While example embodiments might be described for 5G new radio (NR)systems, the embodiments can be applicable to any radio accesstechnology (RAT) or multi-RAT system where the UE operates usingmultiple carriers e.g. LTE FDD/TDD, GSM/GERAN, CDMA2000 etc.

For example, system 100 can operate in accordance with global system formobile communications (GSM), universal mobile telecommunications service(UMTS), long term evolution (LTE), LTE frequency division duplexing (LTEFDD, LTE time division duplexing (TDD), high speed packet access (HSPA),code division multiple access (CDMA), wideband CDMA (WCMDA), CDMA2000,time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access(FDMA), multi-carrier code division multiple access (MC-CDMA),single-carrier code division multiple access (SC-CDMA), single-carrierFDMA (SC-FDMA), orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM),discrete Fourier transform spread OFDM (DFT-spread OFDM) single carrierFDMA (SC-FDMA), Filter bank based multi-carrier (FBMC), zero tailDFT-spread-OFDM (ZT DFT-s-OFDM), generalized frequency divisionmultiplexing (GFDM), fixed mobile convergence (FMC), universal fixedmobile convergence (UFMC), unique word OFDM (UW-OFDM), unique wordDFT-spread OFDM (UW DFT-Spread-OFDM), cyclic prefix OFDM CP-OFDM,resource-block-filtered OFDM, Wi Fi, WLAN, WiMax, and the like. However,various features and functionalities of system 100 are particularlydescribed wherein the devices (e.g., the UEs 102 and the network device104) of system 100 are configured to communicate wireless signals usingone or more multi carrier modulation schemes, wherein data symbols canbe transmitted simultaneously over multiple frequency subcarriers (e.g.,OFDM, CP-OFDM, DFT-spread OFMD, UFMC, FMBC, etc.). The embodiments areapplicable to single carrier as well as to multicarrier (MC) or carrieraggregation (CA) operation of the UE. The term carrier aggregation (CA)is also called (e.g. interchangeably called) “multi-carrier system”,“multi-cell operation”, “multi-carrier operation”, “multi-carrier”transmission and/or reception. Note that some embodiments are alsoapplicable for Multi RAB (radio bearers) on some carriers (that is dataplus speech is simultaneously scheduled).

In various embodiments, system 100 can be configured to provide andemploy 5G wireless networking features and functionalities. 5G wirelesscommunication networks are expected to fulfill the demand ofexponentially increasing data traffic and to allow people and machinesto enjoy gigabit data rates with virtually zero latency. Compared to 4G,5G supports more diverse traffic scenarios. For example, in addition tothe various types of data communication between conventional UEs (e.g.,phones, smartphones, tablets, PCs, televisions, Internet enabledtelevisions, etc.) supported by 4G networks, 5G networks can be employedto support data communication between smart cars in association withdriverless car environments, as well as machine type communications(MTCs). Considering the drastic different communication needs of thesedifferent traffic scenarios, the ability to dynamically configurewaveform parameters based on traffic scenarios while retaining thebenefits of multi carrier modulation schemes (e.g., OFDM and relatedschemes) can provide a significant contribution to the highspeed/capacity and low latency demands of 5G networks. With waveformsthat split the bandwidth into several sub-bands, different types ofservices can be accommodated in different sub-bands with the mostsuitable waveform and numerology, leading to an improved spectrumutilization for 5G networks.

To meet the demand for data centric applications, features of proposed5G networks may comprise: increased peak bit rate (e.g., 20 Gbps),larger data volume per unit area (e.g., high system spectralefficiency—for example about 3.5 times that of spectral efficiency oflong term evolution (LTE) systems), high capacity that allows moredevice connectivity both concurrently and instantaneously, lowerbattery/power consumption (which reduces energy and consumption costs),better connectivity regardless of the geographic region in which a useris located, a larger numbers of devices, lower infrastructuraldevelopment costs, and higher reliability of the communications. Thus,5G networks may allow for: data rates of several tens of megabits persecond should be supported for tens of thousands of users, 1 gigabit persecond to be offered simultaneously to tens of workers on the sameoffice floor, for example; several hundreds of thousands of simultaneousconnections to be supported for massive sensor deployments; improvedcoverage, enhanced signalling efficiency; reduced latency compared toLTE.

The upcoming 5G access network may utilize higher frequencies (e.g., >6GHz) to aid in increasing capacity. Currently, much of the millimeterwave (mmWave) spectrum, the band of spectrum between 30 gigahertz (Ghz)and 300 Ghz is underutilized. The millimeter waves have shorterwavelengths that range from 10 millimeters to 1 millimeter, and thesemmWave signals experience severe path loss, penetration loss, andfading. However, the shorter wavelength at mmWave frequencies alsoallows more antennas to be packed in the same physical dimension, whichallows for large-scale spatial multiplexing and highly directionalbeamforming.

Performance can be improved if both the transmitter and the receiver areequipped with multiple antennas. Multi-antenna techniques cansignificantly increase the data rates and reliability of a wirelesscommunication system. The use of multiple input multiple output (MIMO)techniques, which was introduced in the third-generation partnershipproject (3GPP) and has been in use (including with LTE), is amulti-antenna technique that can improve the spectral efficiency oftransmissions, thereby significantly boosting the overall data carryingcapacity of wireless systems. The use of multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO) techniques can improve mmWave communications, and has been widelyrecognized a potentially important component for access networksoperating in higher frequencies. MIMO can be used for achievingdiversity gain, spatial multiplexing gain and beamforming gain. Forthese reasons, MIMO systems are an important part of the 3rd and 4thgeneration wireless systems, and are planned for use in 5G systems.

Note that using multi-antennas does not always mean that MIMO is beingused. For example, a configuration can have two downlink antennas, andthese two antennas can be used in various ways. In addition to using theantennas in a 2×2 MIMO scheme, the two antennas can also be used in adiversity configuration rather than MIMO configuration. Even withmultiple antennas, a particular scheme might only use one of theantennas (e.g., LTE specification's transmission mode 1, which uses asingle transmission antenna and a single receive antenna). Or, only oneantenna can be used, with various different multiplexing, precodingmethods etc.

The MIMO technique uses a commonly known notation (M×N) to representMIMO configuration in terms number of transmit (M) and receive antennas(N) on one end of the transmission system. The common MIMOconfigurations used for various technologies are: (2×1), (1×2), (2×2),(4×2), (8×2) and (2×4), (4×4), (8×4). The configurations represented by(2×1) and (1×2) are special cases of MIMO known as transmit diversity(or spatial diversity) and receive diversity. In addition to transmitdiversity (or spatial diversity) and receive diversity, other techniquessuch as spatial multiplexing (comprising both open-loop andclosed-loop), beamforming, and codebook-based precoding can also be usedto address issues such as efficiency, interference, and range.

FIG. 2 illustrates the multi-antenna transmission in 4G systems for 8antenna ports. A similar structure with more antenna ports is expectedto be used for 5G systems. Antenna mapping in general, can be describedas a mapping from the output of the data modulation to the differentantenna ports. The input to the antenna mapping thus consists of themodulation symbols (QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM, 256QAM) corresponding to the oneor two transport blocks. To be more specific, there is one transportblock per transmission time interval (TTI), except for spatialmultiplexing, in which case there may be up to two transport blocks perTTI. The output of the antenna mapping comprises a set of symbols foreach antenna port. The symbols of each antenna port are subsequentlyapplied to the OFDM modulator—that is, mapped to the basic OFDMtime-frequency grid corresponding to that antenna port.

Now referring to FIG. 3, another concept is that of the rank of thetransmission. In multiple antenna techniques, the incoming data can besplit to be transmitted through multiple antennas, wherein each datastream processed and transmitted through an antenna is referred to as atransmission layer. The number of transmission layers is typically thenumber of transmit antennas. The data can be split into several parallelstreams, where each stream contains different information. In anothertype, the incoming data is duplicated and each antenna transmits thesame information. The term spatial layer refers to a data stream thatincludes information not included at the other layers. The rank of thetransmission is equal to the number of spatial layers in an LTE spatialmultiplexing transmission, or, put in another way, the number ofdifferent transmission layers transmitted in parallel. As shown in FIG.3, a multiple antenna transmitter 305 transmits in parallel on all fourantennas the same content or information (A, B, and C) to the userequipment. Even though the information in each layer may be manipulatedin different ways by mathematical operations, these operations do notchange the information transmitted, and as such, transmitter 305 can bereferred to as operating as a rank-1 transmitter. In multi-antennatransmitter 310, different pieces of information (ABC, DEF, GHI, andJKL) are transmitted in parallel simultaneously in four differentlayers, and as such transmitter 310 operates as a rank-4 transmitter.

As mentioned above, several multi-antenna transmit techniques are inexistence. FIG. 4 illustrates a transaction diagram (e.g., sequencechart) related to one such technique involving a closed loop spatialmultiplexing scheme that uses codebook-based precoding (wherein openloop systems do not require knowledge of the channel at the transmitter,while closed loop systems require channel knowledge at the transmitter,provided by a feedback channel by a UE). Briefly described, in thistechnique, a reference signal (also referred to as a pilot signal, orpilot) is first sent from the network node to the UE. From the referencesignals, the UE can compute the channel estimates and the parametersneeded for channel state information (CSI) reporting. In LTE, the CSIreport comprises, for example, the channel quality indicator (CQI),precoding matrix index (PMI), rank information (RI), etc. The CSI reportis sent to the network node via a feedback channel either on a periodicbasis or on demand based CSI (e.g., aperiodic CSI reporting). Thenetwork node scheduler uses this information in choosing the parametersfor scheduling of this particular UE. The network node sends thescheduling parameters to the UE on the downlink control channel calledthe physical downlink control channel (PDCCH). After that, actual datatransfer takes place from the network node to the UE (e.g., on thephysical downlink shared channel (PDSCH)).

Referring to FIG. 4 a network node (e.g., network node 104), can attransaction (1) transmit a reference signal (RS), which can be beamformed or non-beam formed, to a user equipment (e.g., UE 102). Downlinkreference signals are predefined signals occupying specific resourceelements within the downlink time-frequency grid. The reference signalcan be cell specific or UE specific in relation to a profile of the userequipment 102 or some type of mobile identifier. There are several typesof downlink reference signals that are transmitted in different ways andused for different purposes by the receiving terminal. Channel stateinformation reference signals (CSI-RS) are specifically intended to beused by terminals to acquire channel state information (CSI) and beamspecific information (beam RSRP). In 5G, CSI-RS is UE specific so it canhave a significantly lower time/frequency density. Demodulationreference signals (DM-RS), sometimes referred to as UE-specificreference signals, are specifically intended to be used by terminals forchannel estimation for the data channel. The label “UE-specific” relatesto the fact that each demodulation reference signal is intended forchannel estimation by a single terminal. That specific reference signalis then only transmitted within the resource blocks assigned for datatraffic channel transmission to that terminal.

Other than these reference signals (CSI-RS, DM-RS), there are otherreference signals, namely phase tracking reference signals,multicast-broadcast single-frequency network (MBSFN) signals, andpositioning reference signals used in various purposes.

Still referring to FIG. 4, after receiving this reference signal, atblock 402, the UE 102 can evaluate the reference signal and compute CSI,which can be transmitted to the network node as CSI feedback (e.g., aCSI report). The CSI feedback comprise an indicator of channel stateinformation (e.g., known in LTE as a precoding matrix indicator (PMI)),indicator of channel quality (e.g., known in LTE as a channel qualityindicator (CQI)), and an indication of rank (e.g., known in LTE as rankindicator (RI)), each of which is discussed further below.

The indicator of channel state information (e.g., PMI in LTE) can beused for selection of transmission parameters for the different datastreams transmitted between the network node and the UE. In techniquesusing codebook-based precoding, the network node and UE uses differentcodebooks, which can be found in standards specifications, each of whichrelate to different types of MIMO matrices (for example, a codebook ofprecoding matrices for 2×2 MIMO). The codebook is known (contained) atthe node and at the UE site, and can contain entries of precodingvectors and matrices, which are multiplied with the signal in thepre-coding stage of the network node. The decision as to which of thesecodebook entries to select is made at the network node based on CSIfeedback provided by the UE, because the CSI is known at the receiver,but not at the transmitter. Based on the evaluation of the referencesignal, the UE transmits feedback that comprises recommendations for asuitable precoding matrix out of the appropriate codebook (e.g., pointsthe index of the precoder in one of the codebook entries). This UEfeedback identifying the precoding matrix is called the pre-codingmatrix indicator (PMI). The UE is thus evaluating which pre-codingmatrix would be more suitable for the transmissions between the networknode and UE.

Additionally, the CSI feedback also can comprise an indicator of channelquality (e.g., in LTE the channel quality indicator (CQI)), whichindicates the channel quality of the channel between the network nodeand the user equipment for link adaptation on the network side.Depending which value a UE reports, the node transmits data withdifferent transport block sizes. If the node receives a high CQI valuefrom the UE, then it transmits data with larger transport block size,and vice versa.

Also included in the CSI feedback can be the indicator of rank (rankindicator (RI) in LTE terminology), which provides an indication of therank of the channel matrix, wherein the rank is the number of differenttransmission data streams (layers) transmitted in parallel, orconcurrently (in other words, the number of spatial layers), between thenetwork node and the UE, as discussed above. The RI determines theformat of the rest of the CSI reporting messages. As an example, in thecase of LTE, when RI is reported to be 1, the rank-1 codebook PMI willbe transmitted with one CQI, and when RI is 2, a rank 2 codebook PMI andtwo CQIs will be transmitted. Since the RI determines the size of thePMI and CQI, it is separately encoded so the receiver can firstly decodethe RI, and then use it to decode the rest of the CSI (which asmentioned, comprises the PMI and CQI, among other information).Typically, the rank indication feedback to the network node can be usedto select of the transmission layer in downlink data transmission. Forexample, even though a system is configured in transmission mode 3 inthe LTE specifications (or open loop spatial multiplexing) for aparticular UE, and if the same UE reports the indicator of rank value as“1” to the network node, the network node may start sending the data intransmit diversity mode to the UE. If the UE reports a RI of “2,” thenetwork node might start sending the downlink data in MIMO mode (e.g.,transmission mode 3 or transmission mode 4 as described in the LTEspecifications). Typically, when a UE experiences bad signal to noiseratio (SNR) and it would be difficult to decode transmitted downlinkdata, it provides early warning to the network node in the form offeedback by stating the RI value as “1.” When a UE experiences good SNR,then it passes this information to the network node indicating the rankvalue as “2.”

Still referring to FIG. 4, after computing the CSI feedback, the UE 102can transmit the CSI feedback at transaction (2), via a feedbackchannel, which can be a channel separate from the channel from which thereference signal was sent. The network node can process the CSI feedbackto determine transmission scheduling parameters (e.g., downlink (DL)transmission scheduling parameters), which comprise a modulation andcoding parameter applicable to modulation and coding of signals by thenetwork node device particular to the UE 102.

This processing of the CSI feedback by the network node 104, as shown inblock 404 of FIG. 2, can comprise decoding the CSI feedback. The UE candecode the RI and then use the decoded information (for example, theobtained size of the CSI) to decode the remainder of the CSI feedback(e.g., the CQI, PMI, etc.). The network node 104 uses the decoded CSIfeedback to determine a suitable transmission protocol, which cancomprise modulation and coding schemes (MCS) applicable to modulationand coding of the different transmissions between the network node 104and the UE 102, power, physical resource blocks (PRBs), etc.

The network node 104 can transmit the parameters at transaction (3) tothe UE 102 via a downlink control channel. Thereafter and/orsimultaneously, at transaction (4), traffic data non-control data suchas data related to texts, emails, pictures, audio files videos, etc.)can be transferred, via a data traffic channel, from the network device104 to the UE 102.

The performance of closed loop MIMO systems, for example the systemdescribed in FIG. 4, degrades at high UE speeds (e.g., a mobile devicemoving at high speeds). The result of UEs moving at high speeds resultsin the Doppler effect, whereby the Doppler shift occurs when thetransmitter of a signal is moving in relation to the receiver. Thisrelative movement shifts the frequency of the signal, such that it isperceived to be different at the receiver than at the transmitter. Inother words, the frequency perceived by the receiver will differ fromthe frequency that was actually emitted by the transmitter. Theperformance degradation is severe when the signal to noise ratio (SNR)is high. If the rank in transmission is high, it is also the case thatthe SNR is high. For high rank systems, the impact due to mismatchbetween the transmitter and receiver channel qualities is severe.

FIG. 5 illustrates a graph 500 that shows a plot 505 of the spectralefficiency for closed loop MIMO system with 4 transmit and 4 receiveantennas at high SNR of 25 dB for different UE speeds (shown in Dopplerfrequency). While the line plot 505 is for a system having 4 transmitand 4 receive antennas, a similar spectral efficiency and Dopplerfrequency relationship applies for N_(tx) systems with rank equal toN_(tx), where N_(tx) can be 2, 4, 8, 16, and so on. From observing FIG.5, as the speed of the UE increases, the throughput decreases due to theoutdated channel state information (e.g., the Doppler shift prevents themeasurement by the UE of an accurate signal), such that the spectralefficiency drops as the Doppler frequency increases.

The present application describes example systems and methods that canimprove the performance of MIMO systems (e.g., 5G MIMO systems) for highDoppler conditions. The system and methods involve identifying the UEspeed, and determining whether a Doppler metric threshold has been met(or exceeded), and in response to the Doppler metric determined to beexceeded, signalling the UE to change to a rank-1 precoder cyclingprotocol.

FIG. 6 shows a diagram 600 providing an overview of some exampleembodiments. In example embodiments, the protocol for transmissions canmove back and forth between a closed loop MIMO state 605, and a rank-1precoder cycling state 610, wherein the network node and the UEestablish rank-1 transmissions. In response to the network (e.g.,network node 104) detecting that a UE (e.g., UE 102) is moving with ahigh Doppler frequency, resulting in a metric related to the Dopplerfrequency (e.g., D_(m)) being greater than a threshold (e.g., D_(th)),wherein the threshold can be a value equal to D_(m), or a value greaterthan D_(m), in example embodiments, the network (e.g., network node 104)can communicate to the UE a message instructing the UE to change itsreception protocol to be configured to engage in a rank-1 (e.g.,indicator of rank=1, or RI=1) precoder cycling. The UE can change itsreception protocol (e.g., configure resources) to enable it to receivesignals transmitted to the UE with a rank-1 protocol (such as a rank-1reference signal). With rank-1 precoder cycling, the network node canuse random precoders at the transmission side. The rank-1 precodercycling can be applied either at the resource block level (RB) or at theresource element level (RE). In high Doppler conditions, transmissionsin which the rank equals to one can offer increased reliability, therebyreducing the CSI estimation error due to the high Doppler shift betweenthe transmitter and the receiver. Similarly, whenever the networkdetects the UE changed its speed and moving with a slow speed, it willinform the UE to revert back to a closed loop MIMO mode to report CSI ina more conventional way (e.g., as described in FIG. 4 above).

FIG. 7 shows a graph 700 depicting the spectral efficiency oftransmissions using closed loop MIMO, contrasted with the spectralefficiency with rank-1 transmissions (e.g., the rank-1 precoder cyclingtransmissions described in this application). In addition to the plot505 for the spectral efficiency of a close loop MIMO system as afunction of Doppler frequency, FIG. 7 shows a second plot 705 of thespectral efficiency for transmissions relating to the rank-1 precodercycling as a function of Doppler frequency with wideband CQI. It can beobserved from FIG. 7 that the rank-1 precoder cycling performance variesvery little. Referring to FIG. 7, at a certain Doppler frequencythreshold, a rank-1 transmission can yield a greater spectral efficiencythan the spectral efficiency of transmissions made using closed loopMIMO having a rank greater than 1. For example, in accordance with theexample graph shown in FIG. 7, the network (e.g., network node 104)should have the UE be configured for rank-1 precoder cycling when theUE's Doppler frequency is above the threshold of about 320.

FIG. 8 shows an example of a transaction diagram 800 (e.g., sequencechart) in accordance with example embodiments in which the network node(e.g., network node 104) and UE (e.g., UE 102) enter into a rank-1precoder cycling state when a Doppler metric exceeds a threshold. Assumethat the network node is receiving the CSI (conventional) from thefeedback channel (e.g., operating in a closed loop spatial MIMO state605, as shown in the example of FIG. 4). As the signals from the networknode to the UE degrade from the doppler effect, not only can datatransmissions suffer from this effect, but reference signals from thenetwork node can also suffer from this effect, which can result in CSIestimations based on a degraded reference signal. In exampleembodiments, if the network node determines that the Doppler frequencyreaches or exceeds a threshold, the network node at transaction (1) ofFIG. 8 sends either an RRC signalling (higher layer signalling) orphysical layer signalling message to the UE to change its configurationsto receive RB level rank-1 precoded cycling signals. This signallingmessage can also instruct the UE to include in its feedback an indicatorof channel quality CQI, while excluding the indicator of rank (e.g., RI)and the indicator of channel state information (e.g., PMI). At block802, the UE, in response to signalling message, can configure itsresources to receive a rank-1 transmission. Next at transaction (2), thenetwork node sends a UE specific reference signal as a rank-1 precodedtransmission. The UE, having been configured to receive a rank-1 signalat block 802, receives the reference signal and at block 804 evaluatesthe reference signal and computes an indicator of channel quality (CQI).At transaction (3), the UE returns feedback comprising an indicator ofchannel quality. Here, unlike the closed loop MIMO case of FIG. 4, it isnot necessary for the UE to report back an indicator of rank (e.g., RI)or channel state information (e.g., PMI), since the network node hasalready made the decision to transmit at rank-1, and withcharacteristics that do not require a PMI feedback. The indicator ofchannel quality however, can be useful to identify which resource blockswould be better to use. The reported CSI feedback can be at a sub-bandlevel, or at wideband level, or both. For RB level precoder cycling,there is no need to inform the UE about the precoders used at thetransmitter, as the UE reports on the rank-1 precoded CSI-RS. For datatransmission, the network uses the same precoders it used during thetransmission of CSI-RS and transmits DM-RS which are precoded with thesame precoders. Hence, this scheme is completely transparent to the UE.

In other embodiments, the network node can use transmissions precoded atthe resource element (RE) level (not RB level). In this protocol orscheme, the network node can indicate what precoders it is planning touse at the RE level. The precoders can be fixed in a standard (e.g., the5G standard) such that both the network and the UE knows about theprecoders used at the RE level. The UE reports the CQI assuming that thenetwork will use the pre-defined precoders.

In other embodiments, the network node can be operable to transmit morethan one reference signal for the UE's evaluation, wherein eachreference signal can differ at the RB level (or, alternatively, at theRE level). As such, the CQI determined by the UE can be for differentreference signals, and multiple CQIs can be reported as part of thefeedback. After receiving the multiple CQIs, the network node candecide, or determine, which one to select to determine the furtherdownstream transmission scheduling parameters.

FIG. 9 shows a flowchart 900 depicting an example method that can beperformed by a network node (e.g., network node 104). The flowchart canbegin at step 905, wherein it can be in a transmission state (e.g.,closed loop MIMO, as described in the example of FIG. 4). At step 910,the network node determines the Doppler metric, and path loss (PL), forthe specific UE. At step 910, the network node determines whether the UEis moving at a high speed (high Doppler) or low speed (low Doppler). Thenetwork node can determine a Doppler metric (D_(m)) representative ofthe speed of the UE. Example embodiments of the Doppler metric canutilize various measurements. For example, in a D_(m) based on a directspeed measurement, the network node can determine the direct speed ofthe UE, for example, by using a global positioning system (GPS) toobtain speed measurements of the user equipment (e.g., determine thedistance per time that the UE has moved). The speed measurements can bemeasured at different times (or, at multiple intervals). The networknode can determine a D_(m) comprises the average of the speedmeasurements. In example embodiments, the Doppler metric can also bebased on the rate of change of uplink channel estimates. Here, thenetwork node can estimate the uplink channel, and the rate of change ofthe uplink channel provides a measure of the Doppler metric D_(m). Thedoppler metric can also be based on the rate of change of the indicatorof channel quality (e.g., CQI in LTE), wherein the CQI is the channelquality information reported in a CSI feedback by the UE at any givenmoment. Here, the Doppler metric can be the change of CQI (ΔCQI) overchange in time (ΔT). The Doppler metric can thus be computed asD_(m)=ΔCQI/ΔT.

Still referring to FIG. 9, a Doppler threshold (e.g., D_(th)) can beset, which is the point at which the spectral efficiency degrades belowthe spectral efficiency level provided by a rank-1 transmission due tothe Doppler effect (e.g., as shown in FIG. 7). At step 915, adetermination can be made (e.g., by the network node 104) as to whetherthe Doppler metric associated with the UE exceeds the threshold (e.g.,D_(m)>D_(th)). If the Doppler metric associated with the UE does notexceeds the threshold, then at step 920, the operations between thenetwork node and UE can continue to use an existing closed loop MIMOscheme (e.g. the example as described in FIG. 4). If the Doppler metricexceeds the threshold, then at step 925, the network node can initiate achange to a rank-1 precoding cycling state (e.g., the example asdescribed in FIG. 8). At step 930, the method can end, for example, inwhich the network node and UE carry on using an existing closed loopMIMO scheme, or using a rank-1 precoding cycling scheme. The process canrepeat again at step 905. Thus, the network node periodically determineswhether the Doppler metric exceeds a threshold, and in response to thatdetermination, uses an existing closed loop MIMO scheme, or initiates achange to use rank-1 transmissions.

FIG. 10 illustrates a transaction diagram representative of exampleembodiments in which, in response to a determination that a Dopplermetric exceeds a threshold, a closed loop MIMO scheme is maintained, butwith restrictions in the UE's CSI feedback reporting. The diagrampresumes a condition in which a determination has been made that theDoppler metric exceeds the threshold. At transaction (1), the networknode transmits a signal to the UE instructing it to report a rank of 1in its CSI feedback. Here, the UE does not even need to know if thenetwork wants to apply rank-1 precoder cycling. That is to say, there isno need to signal the transmission mode change from the network as withthe example described in FIG. 8. However, even though there is noexplicit indication of this rank-1 transmission to the UE, the networkstill uses a closed loop MIMO scheme and informs the UE to select a rankof 1 in its feedback. This can be done by the use of a codebook subsetrestriction (CBSR), using either radio resource control (RRC) signalingor a physical layer signaling, by setting only those precoder indicesthat correspond to rank equal to one. The UE can also be instructed notto report an indicator of channel state information (e.g., not to reporta PMI). At transaction (2), the network node transmits a referencesignal to the UE. The UE at stage 1005 evaluates the reference signal,which comprises determining an indication of channel quality (e.g., CQIin LTE). At transaction (3), the UE provides feedback, and based on theCBSR, provides an indicator of rank of 1 (e.g., RI of 1), and theindicator of channel quality (e.g., CQI). At transaction (4) thetransmission parameters are sent to the UE, and at transaction (5),traffic data can be sent to the UE based on the selected transmissionparameters.

FIG. 11 shows a flowchart 1100 depicting an example method that can beperformed by a network node (e.g., network node 104) in which a closedloop MIMO scheme with CBSR (as described in FIG. 10) is used in responseto a Doppler metric exceeding a threshold. The flowchart can begin atstep 1105, wherein it can be in a particular transmission state (e.g.,closed loop MIMO, as described in the example of FIG. 4). At step 1110,the network node determines the Doppler metric, and path loss (PL), forthe specific UE. At step 1110, the network node determines whether theUE is moving at a high speed (high Doppler) or low speed (low Doppler).The network node can determine a Doppler metric (D_(m)) representativeof the speed of the UE. Example embodiments of the Doppler metric canutilize various measurements, for example as described above inreference to FIG. 9, step 910. At step 1115, a determination can be made(e.g., by the network node 104) as to whether the Doppler metricassociated with the UE exceeds the threshold (e.g., D_(m)>D_(th)). Ifthe Doppler metric associated with the UE does not exceeds thethreshold, then at step 1120, the operations between the network nodeand UE can continue to use an existing closed loop MIMO scheme (e.g. theexample as described in FIG. 4). If the Doppler metric exceeds thethreshold, then at step 1125, the network node can send a signal to theUE having the CBSR, and an instruction to provide CQI feedback, and arank of 1 (but no need to provide a PMI). An example of the interactionin accordance with FIG. 11 between the network node and UE can be asdescribed in FIG. 8. At step 1130, the method can end, for example, inwhich the network node and UE carry on using an existing closed loopMIMO scheme, or using a rank-1 precoding cycling scheme. The process canrepeat again at step 1105. Thus, the network node periodicallydetermines whether the Doppler metric exceeds a threshold, and inresponse to that determination, uses an existing closed loop MIMOscheme, or an existing closed loop MIMO scheme with CBSR, resulting CQIand a rank indicator of 1 in the UE's feedback to the network node.

In accordance with example embodiments, a network node and userequipment can be operable to perform example methods, as illustrated inflow diagrams as described in FIG. 12, FIG. 13, FIG. 14, and FIG. 15 inaccordance with various aspects and embodiments of the subjectdisclosure.

In non-limiting embodiments, as shown in FIG. 12 chart 1200, a networknode device is provided, comprising a processor and a memory that storesexecutable instructions that, when executed by the processor, facilitateperformance of operations. As shown at step 1205, the operations cancomprise determining a metric representative of a shift in a receivedfrequency of a signal determined to have been received by a userequipment and an actual frequency determined to have been used totransmit the signal.

The operations can further comprise, at step 1210, in response to themetric being determined to exceed a threshold, facilitatingtransmitting, to the user equipment, a message instructing the userequipment to enable a reception of transmission signals having aprecoding rank value of one, wherein the precoding rank value of oneindicates transmissions of data comprising same content concurrentlyfrom the network node device to the user equipment.

The operations can further comprise, at step 1215, facilitatingtransmitting, to the user equipment, a reference signal specific to theuser equipment and having the precoding rank value of one.

The operations can further comprise at step 1220, receiving from theuser equipment feedback comprising an indicator of channel qualityapplicable to a quality of a channel between the network node device andthe user equipment.

At step 1225, the operations can further comprise, based on theindicator of channel quality, determining a transmission schedulingparameter related to a transmission protocol for further transmissionsfrom the network node device to the user equipment.

The operations can at step 1230 comprise, facilitating transmitting tothe user equipment the transmission scheduling parameter.

The operations can further comprise facilitating transmitting, to theuser equipment, traffic data based on the transmission protocol.

The determining the metric can comprise obtaining speed measurements ofthe user equipment at multiple times, and the metric can comprise anaverage of the speed measurements. Determining the metric can alsocomprise determining a rate of change of a characteristic of an uplinkchannel from the user equipment to the network node device. Determiningthe metric can also comprise determining a rate of change of channelquality information of channel quality information of previoustransmissions from the network node device to the user equipment, theprevious transmissions occurring prior to the determining the metric.

The transmission scheduling parameter can comprise a modulation andcoding parameter applicable to modulation and coding of data streams forthe further transmissions from the network node device to the userequipment.

The indicator of channel quality can comprise a first indicator ofchannel quality, and the message instructing the user equipment canfurther comprise an instruction to exclude from the feedback a secondindicator of rank representative of a number of different data streamstransmitted between the network node device and the user equipment, anda third indicator of channel state information used to select aprecoding matrix for the further transmissions from the network nodedevice to the user equipment.

In non-limiting embodiments, as shown in FIG. 13, chart 1300, a networknode device is provided, comprising a processor and a memory that storesexecutable instructions that, when executed by the processor, facilitateperformance of operations. The operations can comprise, at step 1305,determining a metric representative of a shift in a received frequencyof a signal determined to have been received by a user equipment and anactual frequency determined to have been employed to transmit thesignal.

At 1310, the operations can comprise, in response to the metric beingdetermined to exceed a threshold, facilitating transmitting, to the userequipment, a message instructing the user equipment to respond to areference signal by including channel state information feedbackrelating to a transmission protocol for transmissions between the userequipment and the network device, the channel state information feedbackcomprising, a first indicator of rank having a value of one, wherein thefirst indicator of rank is representative of a number of different datastreams transmitted between the network device and the user equipment,and a second indicator of channel quality applicable to a quality of thechannel between the network device and the user equipment.

At step 1315, the operations can further comprise facilitatingtransmitting, to the user equipment, the reference signal. At step 1320,the operations can further comprise receiving, from the user equipment,the channel state information feedback. At step 1320, the operations canfurther comprise decoding the channel state information feedbackresulting in decoded channel state information feedback. At step 1325,the operations can further comprise, based on the decoded channel stateinformation feedback, determining a transmission scheduling parameterrelated to the transmission protocol. At step 1330, the operations canfurther comprise facilitating transmitting, to the user equipment, thetransmission scheduling parameter.

The operations can further comprise facilitating transmitting, to theuser equipment, traffic data based on the transmission protocol.

The determining the metric can comprise obtaining speed measurements ofthe user equipment at different times, and the metric can comprise amean or median of the speed measurements. Determining the metric canalso comprise determining a rate of change of a characteristic of anuplink channel from the user equipment to the network device.Determining the metric can also comprise determining a rate of change ofchannel quality information of transmissions between the network deviceand the user equipment.

The transmission scheduling parameter can comprise a modulation andcoding parameter applicable to modulation and coding of data streams forthe transmissions between the user equipment and the network device.

The message instructing the user equipment can comprise an instructionto exclude, from the channel state information feedback report a thirdindicator of channel state information used to select a precoding matrixfor the transmissions between the network device and the user equipment.

In non-limiting embodiments, as shown in FIG. 14, chart 1400, a userequipment, comprising a processor and a memory that stores executableinstructions that, when executed by the processor, facilitateperformance of operations. At step 1405, the operations can comprisedetermining a position and a time (e.g., by using a global positionsystem, triangulation, the like). At step 1410, the operations cancomprise transmitting the position and the time to a network nodedevice.

At step 1415, the operations can further comprise receiving, from thenetwork node device, a message instructing the user equipment to enablea reception of transmission signals having a precoding rank value ofone, wherein the message was received from the network node device inresponse to a determination, based on the position and the time, that ametric representative of a shift in a received frequency of a signaldetermined to have been received by a user equipment and that of anactual frequency determined to have been used to transmit the signalexceeded a threshold, and wherein the precoding rank value of oneindicates parallel transmissions of data comprising same informationfrom the network node device to the user equipment.

At step 1420, the operations can further comprise receiving a userequipment specific reference signal having the precoding rank value ofone, and at step 1425, evaluating the user equipment specific referencesignal to determine an indicator of channel quality applicable to aquality of a channel between the network node device and the userequipment.

At step 1430, the operations can further comprise facilitatingtransmitting, to the network node device, feedback comprising theindicator of channel quality. At step 1435, the operations can furthercomprise receiving, from the network node device, a transmissionscheduling parameter related to a transmission protocol for furthertransmissions from the network node device to the user equipment.

The operations can further comprise facilitating transmitting, to theuser equipment, traffic data based on the transmission protocol. Thetransmission scheduling parameter can comprise a modulation and codingparameter applicable to modulation and coding of data streams for thefurther transmissions from the network node device to the userequipment.

The indicator of channel quality can comprise a first indicator ofchannel quality, and the message instructing the user equipment canfurther comprise an instruction to exclude from the feedback a secondindicator of rank representative of a number of different data streamstransmitted between the network node device and the user equipment, andexclude from the feedback a third indicator of channel state informationused to select a precoding matrix for the transmissions between thenetwork node device and the user equipment.

As mentioned above, the user equipment can comprise a wireless device,and can also comprise an internet of things device.

In non-limiting embodiments, as shown in FIG. 15, a network node deviceis provided, comprising a processor and a memory that stores executableinstructions that, when executed by the processor, facilitateperformance of operations. As shown at step 1505, the operations cancomprise determining a metric representative of a shift in a receivedfrequency of a signal determined to have been received by a userequipment and an actual frequency determined to have been used totransmit the signal.

The operations can further comprise, at step 1510, in response to themetric being determined to exceed a threshold, facilitatingtransmitting, to the user equipment, a message instructing the userequipment to enable a reception of transmission signals having aprecoding rank value of one, wherein the precoding rank value of oneindicates transmissions of data comprising same content concurrentlyfrom the network node device to the user equipment.

The operations can further comprise, at step 1515, facilitatingtransmitting, to the user equipment, reference signals specific to theuser equipment and having the precoding rank value of one.

The operations can further comprise at step 1520, receiving, from theuser equipment, feedback comprising indicators of channel quality,determined from evaluating each of the reference signals, wherein theindicators of channel quality are applicable to a quality of a channelbetween the network node device and the user equipment.

At step 1525, the operations can further comprise, based on thefeedback, determining a transmission scheduling parameter related to atransmission protocol for further transmissions from the network nodedevice to the user equipment.

The operations can at step 1530 comprise, facilitating transmitting tothe user equipment the transmission scheduling parameter.

The operations can further comprise facilitating transmitting, to theuser equipment, traffic data based on the transmission protocol.

The determining the metric can comprise obtaining speed measurements ofthe user equipment at multiple times, and the metric can comprise anaverage of the speed measurements. Determining the metric can alsocomprise determining a rate of change of a characteristic of an uplinkchannel from the user equipment to the network node device. Determiningthe metric can also comprise determining a rate of change of channelquality information of channel quality information of previoustransmissions from the network node device to the user equipment, theprevious transmissions occurring prior to the determining the metric.

The transmission scheduling parameter can comprise a modulation andcoding parameter applicable to modulation and coding of data streams forthe further transmissions from the network node device to the userequipment.

The message instructing the user equipment can further comprise aninstruction to exclude from the feedback a first indicator of rankrepresentative of a number of different data streams transmitted betweenthe network node device and the user equipment, and a second indicatorof channel state information used to select a precoding matrix for thefurther transmissions from the network node device to the userequipment.

Referring now to FIG. 16, illustrated is a schematic block diagram of auser equipment (e.g., user equipment 102) that can be a mobile device1600 capable of connecting to a network in accordance with someembodiments described herein. Although a mobile handset 1600 isillustrated herein, it will be understood that other devices can be amobile device, and that the mobile handset 1600 is merely illustrated toprovide context for the embodiments of the various embodiments describedherein. The following discussion is intended to provide a brief, generaldescription of an example of a suitable environment 1600 in which thevarious embodiments can be implemented. While the description includes ageneral context of computer-executable instructions embodied on amachine-readable storage medium, those skilled in the art will recognizethat the innovation also can be implemented in combination with otherprogram modules and/or as a combination of hardware and software.

Generally, applications (e.g., program modules) can include routines,programs, components, data structures, etc., that perform particulartasks or implement particular abstract data types. Moreover, thoseskilled in the art will appreciate that the methods described herein canbe practiced with other system configurations, includingsingle-processor or multiprocessor systems, minicomputers, mainframecomputers, as well as personal computers, hand-held computing devices,microprocessor-based or programmable consumer electronics, and the like,each of which can be operatively coupled to one or more associateddevices.

A computing device can typically include a variety of machine-readablemedia. Machine-readable media can be any available media that can beaccessed by the computer and includes both volatile and non-volatilemedia, removable and non-removable media. By way of example and notlimitation, computer-readable media can comprise computer storage mediaand communication media. Computer storage media can include volatileand/or non-volatile media, removable and/or non-removable mediaimplemented in any method or technology for storage of information, suchas computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules orother data. Computer storage media can include, but is not limited to,RAM, ROM, EEPROM, flash memory or other memory technology, CD ROM,digital video disk (DVD) or other optical disk storage, magneticcassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magneticstorage devices, or any other medium which can be used to store thedesired information and which can be accessed by the computer.

Communication media typically embodies computer-readable instructions,data structures, program modules or other data in a modulated datasignal such as a carrier wave or other transport mechanism, and includesany information delivery media. The term “modulated data signal” means asignal that has one or more of its characteristics set or changed insuch a manner as to encode information in the signal. By way of example,and not limitation, communication media includes wired media such as awired network or direct-wired connection, and wireless media such asacoustic, RF, infrared and other wireless media. Combinations of the anyof the above should also be included within the scope ofcomputer-readable media.

The handset 1600 includes a processor 1602 for controlling andprocessing all onboard operations and functions. A memory 1604interfaces to the processor 1602 for storage of data and one or moreapplications 1606 (e.g., a video player software, user feedbackcomponent software, etc.). Other applications can include voicerecognition of predetermined voice commands that facilitate initiationof the user feedback signals. The applications 1606 can be stored in thememory 1604 and/or in a firmware 1608, and executed by the processor1602 from either or both the memory 1604 or/and the firmware 1608. Thefirmware 1608 can also store startup code for execution in initializingthe handset 1600. A communications component 1610 interfaces to theprocessor 1602 to facilitate wired/wireless communication with externalsystems, e.g., cellular networks, VoIP networks, and so on. Here, thecommunications component 1610 can also include a suitable cellulartransceiver 1611 (e.g., a global GSM transceiver) and/or an unlicensedtransceiver 1613 (e.g., Wi-Fi, WiMax) for corresponding signalcommunications. The handset 1600 can be a device such as a cellulartelephone, a PDA with mobile communications capabilities, andmessaging-centric devices. The communications component 1610 alsofacilitates communications reception from terrestrial radio networks(e.g., broadcast), digital satellite radio networks, and Internet-basedradio services networks.

The handset 1600 includes a display 1612 for displaying text, images,video, telephony functions (e.g., a Caller ID function), setupfunctions, and for user input. For example, the display 1612 can also bereferred to as a “screen” that can accommodate the presentation ofmultimedia content (e.g., music metadata, messages, wallpaper, graphics,etc.). The display 1612 can also display videos and can facilitate thegeneration, editing and sharing of video quotes. A serial I/O interface1614 is provided in communication with the processor 1602 to facilitatewired and/or wireless serial communications (e.g., USB, and/or IEEE1394) through a hardwire connection, and other serial input devices(e.g., a keyboard, keypad, and mouse). This supports updating andtroubleshooting the handset 1600, for example. Audio capabilities areprovided with an audio I/O component 1616, which can include a speakerfor the output of audio signals related to, for example, indication thatthe user pressed the proper key or key combination to initiate the userfeedback signal. The audio I/O component 1616 also facilitates the inputof audio signals through a microphone to record data and/or telephonyvoice data, and for inputting voice signals for telephone conversations.

The handset 1600 can include a slot interface 1618 for accommodating aSIC (Subscriber Identity Component) in the form factor of a cardSubscriber Identity Module (SIM) or universal SIM 1620, and interfacingthe SIM card 1620 with the processor 1602. However, it is to beappreciated that the SIM card 1620 can be manufactured into the handset1600, and updated by downloading data and software.

The handset 1600 can process IP data traffic through the communicationcomponent 1610 to accommodate IP traffic from an IP network such as, forexample, the Internet, a corporate intranet, a home network, a personarea network, etc., through an ISP or broadband cable provider. Thus,VoIP traffic can be utilized by the handset 800 and IP-based multimediacontent can be received in either an encoded or decoded format.

A video processing component 1622 (e.g., a camera) can be provided fordecoding encoded multimedia content. The video processing component 1622can aid in facilitating the generation, editing and sharing of videoquotes. The handset 1600 also includes a power source 1624 in the formof batteries and/or an AC power subsystem, which power source 1624 caninterface to an external power system or charging equipment (not shown)by a power I/O component 1626.

The handset 1600 can also include a video component 1630 for processingvideo content received and, for recording and transmitting videocontent. For example, the video component 1630 can facilitate thegeneration, editing and sharing of video quotes. A location trackingcomponent 1632 facilitates geographically locating the handset 1600. Asdescribed hereinabove, this can occur when the user initiates thefeedback signal automatically or manually. A user input component 1634facilitates the user initiating the quality feedback signal. The userinput component 1634 can also facilitate the generation, editing andsharing of video quotes. The user input component 1634 can include suchconventional input device technologies such as a keypad, keyboard,mouse, stylus pen, and/or touch screen, for example.

Referring again to the applications 1606, a hysteresis component 1636facilitates the analysis and processing of hysteresis data, which isutilized to determine when to associate with the access point. Asoftware trigger component 1638 can be provided that facilitatestriggering of the hysteresis component 1638 when the Wi-Fi transceiver1613 detects the beacon of the access point. A SIP client 1640 enablesthe handset 1600 to support SIP protocols and register the subscriberwith the SIP registrar server. The applications 1606 can also include aclient 1642 that provides at least the capability of discovery, play andstore of multimedia content, for example, music.

The handset 1600, as indicated above related to the communicationscomponent 1610, includes an indoor network radio transceiver 1613 (e.g.,Wi-Fi transceiver). This function supports the indoor radio link, suchas IEEE 802.11, for the dual-mode GSM handset 1600. The handset 1600 canaccommodate at least satellite radio services through a handset that cancombine wireless voice and digital radio chipsets into a single handhelddevice.

Referring now to FIG. 17, there is illustrated a block diagram of acomputer 1700 operable to execute the functions and operations performedin the described example embodiments. For example, a network nodenetwork node 104) may contain components as described in FIG. 17. Thecomputer 1700 can provide networking and communication capabilitiesbetween a wired or wireless communication network and a server and/orcommunication device. In order to provide additional context for variousaspects thereof, FIG. 17 and the following discussion are intended toprovide a brief, general description of a suitable computing environmentin which the various aspects of the innovation can be implemented tofacilitate the establishment of a transaction between an entity and athird party. While the description above is in the general context ofcomputer-executable instructions that can run on one or more computers,those skilled in the art will recognize that the innovation also can beimplemented in combination with other program modules and/or as acombination of hardware and software.

Generally, program modules include routines, programs, components, datastructures, etc., that perform particular tasks or implement particularabstract data types. Moreover, those skilled in the art will appreciatethat the inventive methods can be practiced with other computer systemconfigurations, including single-processor or multiprocessor computersystems, minicomputers, mainframe computers, as well as personalcomputers, hand-held computing devices, microprocessor-based orprogrammable consumer electronics, and the like, each of which can beoperatively coupled to one or more associated devices.

The illustrated aspects of the innovation can also be practiced indistributed computing environments where certain tasks are performed byremote processing devices that are linked through a communicationsnetwork. In a distributed computing environment, program modules can belocated in both local and remote memory storage devices.

Computing devices typically include a variety of media, which caninclude computer-readable storage media or communications media, whichtwo terms are used herein differently from one another as follows.

Computer-readable storage media can be any available storage media thatcan be accessed by the computer and includes both volatile andnonvolatile media, removable and non-removable media. By way of example,and not limitation, computer-readable storage media can be implementedin connection with any method or technology for storage of informationsuch as computer-readable instructions, program modules, structureddata, or unstructured data. Computer-readable storage media can include,but are not limited to, RAM, ROM, EEPROM, flash memory or other memorytechnology, CD-ROM, digital versatile disk (DVD) or other optical diskstorage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage orother magnetic storage devices, or other tangible and/or non-transitorymedia which can be used to store desired information. Computer-readablestorage media can be accessed by one or more local or remote computingdevices, e.g., via access requests, queries or other data retrievalprotocols, for a variety of operations with respect to the informationstored by the medium.

Communications media can embody computer-readable instructions, datastructures, program modules or other structured or unstructured data ina data signal such as a modulated data signal, e.g., a carrier wave orother transport mechanism, and includes any information delivery ortransport media. The term “modulated data signal” or signals refers to asignal that has one or more of its characteristics set or changed insuch a manner as to encode information in one or more signals. By way ofexample, and not limitation, communication media include wired media,such as a wired network or direct-wired connection, and wireless mediasuch as acoustic, RF, infrared and other wireless media.

With reference to FIG. 17, implementing various aspects described hereinwith regards to devices can include a computer 1700, the computer 1700including a processing unit 1704, a system memory 1706 and a system bus1708. The system bus 1708 couples system components including, but notlimited to, the system memory 1706 to the processing unit 1704. Theprocessing unit 1704 can be any of various commercially availableprocessors. Dual microprocessors and other multiprocessor architecturescan also be employed as the processing unit 1704.

The system bus 1708 can be any of several types of bus structure thatcan further interconnect to a memory bus (with or without a memorycontroller), a peripheral bus, and a local bus using any of a variety ofcommercially available bus architectures. The system memory 1706includes read-only memory (ROM) 1727 and random access memory (RAM)1712. A basic input/output system (BIOS) is stored in a non-volatilememory 1727 such as ROM, EPROM, EEPROM, which BIOS contains the basicroutines that help to transfer information between elements within thecomputer 1700, such as during start-up. The RAM 1712 can also include ahigh-speed RAM such as static RAM for caching data.

The computer 1700 further includes an internal hard disk drive (HDD)1714 (e.g., EIDE, SATA), which internal hard disk drive 1714 can also beconfigured for external use in a suitable chassis (not shown), amagnetic floppy disk drive (FDD) 1716, (e.g., to read from or write to aremovable diskette 1718) and an optical disk drive 1720, (e.g., readinga CD-ROM disk 1722 or, to read from or write to other high capacityoptical media such as the DVD). The hard disk drive 1714, magnetic diskdrive 1716 and optical disk chive 1720 can be connected to the systembus 1708 by a hard disk drive interface 1724, a magnetic disk driveinterface 1726 and an optical drive interface 1728, respectively. Theinterface 1724 for external drive implementations includes at least oneor both of Universal Serial Bus (USB) and IEEE 1294 interfacetechnologies. Other external drive connection technologies are withincontemplation of the subject innovation.

The drives and their associated computer-readable media providenonvolatile storage of data, data structures, computer-executableinstructions, and so forth. For the computer 1700 the drives and mediaaccommodate the storage of any data in a suitable digital format.Although the description of computer-readable media above refers to aHDD, a removable magnetic diskette, and a removable optical media suchas a CD or DVD, it should be appreciated by those skilled in the artthat other types of media which are readable by a computer 1700, such aszip drives, magnetic cassettes, flash memory cards, cartridges, and thelike, can also be used in the example operating environment, andfurther, that any such media can contain computer-executableinstructions for performing the methods of the disclosed innovation.

A number of program modules can be stored in the drives and RAM 1712,including an operating system 1730, one or more application programs1732, other program modules 1734 and program data 1736. All or portionsof the operating system, applications, modules, and/or data can also becached in the RAM 1712. It is to be appreciated that the innovation canbe implemented with various commercially available operating systems orcombinations of operating systems.

A user can enter commands and information into the computer 1700 throughone or more wired/wireless input devices, e.g., a keyboard 1738 and apointing device, such as a mouse 1740. Other input devices (not shown)may include a microphone, an IR remote control, a joystick, a game pad,a stylus pen, touch screen, or the like. These and other input devicesare often connected to the processing unit 1704 through an input deviceinterface 1742 that is coupled to the system bus 1708, but can beconnected by other interfaces, such as a parallel port, an IEEE 2394serial port, a game port, a USB port, an IR interface, etc.

A monitor 1744 or other type of display device is also connected to thesystem bus 1708 through an interface, such as a video adapter 1746. Inaddition to the monitor 1744, a computer 1700 typically includes otherperipheral output devices (not shown), such as speakers, printers, etc.

The computer 1700 can operate in a networked environment using logicalconnections by wired and/or wireless communications to one or moreremote computers, such as a remote computer(s) 1748. The remotecomputer(s) 1748 can be a workstation, a server computer, a router, apersonal computer, portable computer, microprocessor-based entertainmentdevice, a peer device or other common network node, and typicallyincludes many or all of the elements described relative to the computer,although, for purposes of brevity, only a memory/storage device 1750 isillustrated. The logical connections depicted include wired/wirelessconnectivity to a local area network (LAN) 1752 and/or larger networks,e.g., a wide area network (WAN) 1754. Such LAN and WAN networkingenvironments are commonplace in offices and companies, and facilitateenterprise-wide computer networks, such as intranets, all of which mayconnect to a global communications network, e.g., the Internet.

When used in a LAN networking environment, the computer 1700 isconnected to the local network 1752 through a wired and/or wirelesscommunication network interface or adapter 1756. The adapter 1756 mayfacilitate wired or wireless communication to the LAN 1752, which mayalso include a wireless access point disposed thereon for communicatingwith the wireless adapter 1756.

When used in a WAN networking environment, the computer 1700 can includea modem 1758, or is connected to a communications server on the WAN1754, or has other means for establishing communications over the WAN1754, such as by way of the Internet. The modem 1758, which can beinternal or external and a wired or wireless device, is connected to thesystem bus 1708 through the input device interface 1742. In a networkedenvironment, program modules depicted relative to the computer, orportions thereof, can be stored in the remote memory/storage device1750. It will be appreciated that the network connections shown areexemplary and other means of establishing a communications link betweenthe computers can be used.

The computer is operable to communicate with any wireless devices orentities operatively disposed in wireless communication, e.g., aprinter, scanner, desktop and/or portable computer, portable dataassistant, communications satellite, any piece of equipment or locationassociated with a wirelessly detectable tag (e.g., a kiosk, news stand,restroom), and telephone. This includes at least Wi-Fi and Bluetooth™wireless technologies. Thus, the communication can be a predefinedstructure as with a conventional network or simply an ad hoccommunication between at least two devices.

Wi-Fi, or Wireless Fidelity, allows connection to the Internet from acouch at home, a bed in a hotel room, or a conference room at work,without wires. Wi-Fi is a wireless technology similar to that used in acell phone that enables such devices, e.g., computers, to send andreceive data indoors and out; anywhere within the range of a basestation. Wi-Fi networks use radio technologies called IEEE802.11 (a, b,g, n, etc.) to provide secure, reliable, fast wireless connectivity. AWi-Fi network can be used to connect computers to each other, to theInternet, and to wired networks (which use IEEE802.3 or Ethernet). Wi-Finetworks operate in the unlicensed 2.4 and 5 GHz radio bands, at an 11Mbps (802.11b) or 54 Mbps (802.11a) data rate, for example, or withproducts that contain both bands (dual band), so the networks canprovide real-world performance similar to the basic “10BaseT” wiredEthernet networks used in many offices.

As used in this application, the terms “system,” “component,”“interface,” and the like are generally intended to refer to acomputer-related entity or an entity related to an operational machinewith one or more specific functionalities. The entities disclosed hereincan be either hardware, a combination of hardware and software,software, or software in execution. For example, a component may be, butis not limited to being, a process running on a processor, a processor,an object, an executable, a thread of execution, a program, and/or acomputer. By way of illustration, both an application running on aserver and the server can be a component. One or more components mayreside within a process and/or thread of execution and a component maybe localized on one computer and/or distributed between two or morecomputers. These components also can execute from various computerreadable storage media having various data structures stored thereon.The components may communicate via local and/or remote processes such asin accordance with a signal having one or more data packets (e.g., datafrom one component interacting with another component in a local system,distributed system, and/or across a network such as the Internet withother systems via the signal). As another example, a component can be anapparatus with specific functionality provided by mechanical partsoperated by electric or electronic circuitry that is operated bysoftware or firmware application(s) executed by a processor, wherein theprocessor can be internal or external to the apparatus and executes atleast a part of the software or firmware application. As yet anotherexample, a component can be an apparatus that provides specificfunctionality through electronic components without mechanical parts,the electronic components can comprise a processor therein to executesoftware or firmware that confers at least in part the functionality ofthe electronic components. An interface can comprise input/output (I/O)components as well as associated processor, application, and/or APIcomponents.

Furthermore, the disclosed subject matter may be implemented as amethod, apparatus, or article of manufacture using standard programmingand/or engineering techniques to produce software, firmware, hardware,or any combination thereof to control a computer to implement thedisclosed subject matter. The term “article of manufacture” as usedherein is intended to encompass a computer program accessible from anycomputer-readable device, computer-readable carrier, orcomputer-readable media. For example, computer-readable media caninclude, but are not limited to, a magnetic storage device, e.g., harddisk; floppy disk; magnetic strip(s); an optical disk (e.g., compactdisk (CD), a digital video disc (DVD), a Blu-ray Disc™ (BD)); a smartcard; a flash memory device (e.g., card, stick, key drive); and/or avirtual device that emulates a storage device and/or any of the abovecomputer-readable media.

As it employed in the subject specification, the term “processor” canrefer to substantially any computing processing unit or devicecomprising, but not limited to comprising, single-core processors;single-processors with software multithread execution capability;multi-core processors; multi-core processors with software multithreadexecution capability; multi-core processors with hardware multithreadtechnology; parallel platforms; and parallel platforms with distributedshared memory. Additionally, a processor can refer to an integratedcircuit, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a digitalsignal processor (DSP), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), aprogrammable logic controller (PLC), a complex programmable logic device(CPLD), a discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardwarecomponents, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functionsdescribed herein. Processors can exploit nano-scale architectures suchas, but not limited to, molecular and quantum-dot based transistors,switches and gates, in order to optimize space usage or enhanceperformance of user equipment. A processor also can be implemented as acombination of computing processing units.

In the subject specification, terms such as “store,” “data store,” “datastorage,” “database,” “repository,” “queue”, and substantially any otherinformation storage component relevant to operation and functionality ofa component, refer to “memory components,” or entities embodied in a“memory” or components comprising the memory. It will be appreciatedthat the memory components described herein can be either volatilememory or nonvolatile memory, or can comprise both volatile andnonvolatile memory. In addition, memory components or memory elementscan be removable or stationary. Moreover, memory can be internal orexternal to a device or component, or removable or stationary. Memorycan comprise various types of media that are readable by a computer,such as hard-disc drives, zip drives, magnetic cassettes, flash memorycards or other types of memory cards, cartridges, or the like.

By way of illustration, and not limitation, nonvolatile memory cancomprise read only memory (ROM), programmable ROM (PROM), electricallyprogrammable ROM (EPROM), electrically erasable ROM (EEPROM), or flashmemory. Volatile memory can comprise random access memory (RAM), whichacts as external cache memory. By way of illustration and notlimitation, RAM is available in many forms such as synchronous RAM(SRAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), double data rateSDRAM (DDR SDRAM), enhanced SDRAM (ESDRAM), Synchlink DRAM (SLDRAM), anddirect Rambus RAM (DRRAM). Additionally, the disclosed memory componentsof systems or methods herein are intended to comprise, without beinglimited to comprising, these and any other suitable types of memory.

In particular and in regard to the various functions performed by theabove described components, devices, circuits, systems and the like, theterms (including a reference to a “means”) used to describe suchcomponents are intended to correspond, unless otherwise indicated, toany component which performs the specified function of the describedcomponent (e.g., a functional equivalent), even though not structurallyequivalent to the disclosed structure, which performs the function inthe herein illustrated example aspects of the embodiments. In thisregard, it will also be recognized that the embodiments comprise asystem as well as a computer-readable medium having computer-executableinstructions for performing the acts and/or events of the variousmethods.

Computing devices typically comprise a variety of media, which cancomprise computer-readable storage media and/or communications media,which two terms are used herein differently from one another as follows.Computer-readable storage media can be any available storage media thatcan be accessed by the computer and comprises both volatile andnonvolatile media, removable and non-removable media. By way of example,and not limitation, computer-readable storage media can be implementedin connection with any method or technology for storage of informationsuch as computer-readable instructions, program modules, structureddata, or unstructured data. Computer-readable storage media cancomprise, but are not limited to, RAM, ROM, EEPROM, flash memory orother memory technology, CD-ROM, digital versatile disk (DVD) or otheroptical disk storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic diskstorage or other magnetic storage devices, or other tangible and/ornon-transitory media which can be used to store desired information.Computer-readable storage media can be accessed by one or more local orremote computing devices, e.g., via access requests, queries or otherdata retrieval protocols, for a variety of operations with respect tothe information stored by the medium.

On the other hand, communications media typically embodycomputer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules orother structured or unstructured data in a data signal such as amodulated data signal, e.g., a carrier wave or other transportmechanism, and comprises any information delivery or transport media.The term “modulated data signal” or signals refers to a signal that hasone or more of its characteristics set or changed in such a manner as toencode information in one or more signals. By way of example, and notlimitation, communications media comprise wired media, such as a wirednetwork or direct-wired connection, and wireless media such as acoustic,RF, infrared and other wireless media

Further, terms like “user equipment,” “user device,” “mobile device,”“mobile,” station,” “access terminal,” “terminal,” “handset,” andsimilar terminology, generally refer to a wireless device utilized by asubscriber or user of a wireless communication network or service toreceive or convey data, control, voice, video, sound, gaming, orsubstantially any data-stream or signalling-stream. The foregoing termsare utilized interchangeably in the subject specification and relateddrawings. Likewise, the terms “access point,” “node B,” “base station,”“evolved Node B,” “cell,” “cell site,” and the like, can be utilizedinterchangeably in the subject application, and refer to a wirelessnetwork component or appliance that serves and receives data, control,voice, video, sound, gaming, or substantially any data-stream orsignalling-stream from a set of subscriber stations. Data and signallingstreams can be packetized or frame-based flows. It is noted that in thesubject specification and drawings, context or explicit distinctionprovides differentiation with respect to access points or base stationsthat serve and receive data from a mobile device in an outdoorenvironment, and access points or base stations that operate in aconfined, primarily indoor environment overlaid in an outdoor coveragearea. Data and signalling streams can be packetized or frame-basedflows.

Furthermore, the terms “user,” “subscriber,” “customer,” “consumer,” andthe like are employed interchangeably throughout the subjectspecification, unless context warrants particular distinction(s) amongthe terms. It should be appreciated that such terms can refer to humanentities, associated devices, or automated components supported throughartificial intelligence (e.g., a capacity to make inference based oncomplex mathematical formalisms) which can provide simulated vision,sound recognition and so forth. In addition, the terms “wirelessnetwork” and “network” are used interchangeable in the subjectapplication, when context wherein the term is utilized warrantsdistinction for clarity purposes such distinction is made explicit.

Moreover, the word “exemplary” is used herein to mean serving as anexample, instance, or illustration. Any aspect or design describedherein as “exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred oradvantageous over other aspects or designs. Rather, use of the wordexemplary is intended to present concepts in a concrete fashion. As usedin this application, the term “or” is intended to mean an inclusive “or”rather than an exclusive “or”. That is, unless specified otherwise, orclear from context, “X employs A or B” is intended to mean any of thenatural inclusive permutations. That is, if X employs A; X employs B; orX employs both A and B, then “X employs A or B” is satisfied under anyof the foregoing instances. In addition, the articles “a” and “an” asused in this application and the appended claims should generally beconstrued to mean “one or more” unless specified otherwise or clear fromcontext to be directed to a singular form.

In addition, while a particular feature may have been disclosed withrespect to only one of several implementations, such feature may becombined with one or more other features of the other implementations asmay be desired and advantageous for any given or particular application.Furthermore, to the extent that the terms “includes” and “including” andvariants thereof are used in either the detailed description or theclaims, these terms are intended to be inclusive in a manner similar tothe term “comprising.”

The above descriptions of various embodiments of the subject disclosureand corresponding figures and what is described in the Abstract, aredescribed herein for illustrative purposes, and are not intended to beexhaustive or to limit the disclosed embodiments to the precise formsdisclosed. It is to be understood that one of ordinary skill in the artmay recognize that other embodiments having modifications, permutations,combinations, and additions can be implemented for performing the same,similar, alternative, or substitute functions of the disclosed subjectmatter, and are therefore considered within the scope of thisdisclosure. Therefore, the disclosed subject matter should not belimited to any single embodiment described herein, but rather should beconstrued in breadth and scope in accordance with the claims below.

What is claimed is:
 1. A network node device, comprising: a processor; and a memory that stores executable instructions that, when executed by the processor, facilitate performance of operations, comprising: determining a metric representative of a shift in a received frequency of a signal determined to have been received by a user equipment and an actual frequency determined to have been used to transmit the signal; in response to the metric being determined to exceed a threshold, facilitating transmitting, to the user equipment, a message instructing the user equipment to enable a reception of transmission signals having a precoding rank value of one, wherein the precoding rank value of one indicates transmissions of data comprising same content concurrently from the network node device to the user equipment; facilitating transmitting, to the user equipment, a reference signal specific to the user equipment and having the precoding rank value of one; receiving, from the user equipment, feedback comprising an indicator of channel quality applicable to a quality of a channel between the network node device and the user equipment; based on the indicator of channel quality, determining a transmission scheduling parameter related to a transmission protocol for further transmissions from the network node device to the user equipment; and facilitating transmitting, to the user equipment, the transmission scheduling parameter.
 2. The network node device of claim 1, wherein the operations further comprise facilitating transmitting, to the user equipment, traffic data based on the transmission protocol.
 3. The network node device of claim 1, wherein the determining the metric comprises obtaining speed measurements of the user equipment at multiple times, and wherein the metric comprises an average of the speed measurements.
 4. The network node device of claim 1, wherein the determining the metric comprises determining a rate of change of a characteristic of an uplink channel from the user equipment to the network node device.
 5. The network node device of claim 1, wherein the determining the metric comprises determining a rate of change of channel quality information of previous transmissions from the network node device to the user equipment, the previous transmissions occurring prior to the determining the metric.
 6. The network node device of claim 1, wherein the transmission scheduling parameter comprises a modulation and coding parameter applicable to modulation and coding of data streams for the further transmissions from the network node device to the user equipment.
 7. The network node device of claim 1, wherein the indicator of channel quality comprises a first indicator of channel quality, and the message instructing the user equipment further comprises an instruction to exclude from the feedback: a second indicator of rank representative of a number of different data streams transmitted between the network node device and the user equipment, and a third indicator of channel state information used to select a precoding matrix for the further transmissions from the network node device to the user equipment.
 8. A network device, comprising: a processor; and a memory that stores executable instructions that, when executed by the processor, facilitate performance of operations, comprising: determining a metric representative of a shift in a received frequency of a signal determined to have been received by a user equipment and an actual frequency determined to have been employed to transmit the signal; in response to the metric being determined to exceed a threshold, facilitating transmitting, to the user equipment, a message instructing the user equipment to respond to a reference signal by including channel state information feedback relating to a transmission protocol for transmissions between the user equipment and the network device, the channel state information feedback comprising: a first indicator of rank having a value of one, wherein the first indicator of rank is representative of a number of different data streams transmitted between the network device and the user equipment, and a second indicator of channel quality applicable to a quality of the channel between the network device and the user equipment; facilitating transmitting, to the user equipment, the reference signal; receiving, from the user equipment, the channel state information feedback; decoding the channel state information feedback resulting in decoded channel state information feedback; based on the decoded channel state information feedback, determining a transmission scheduling parameter related to the transmission protocol; and facilitating transmitting, to the user equipment, the transmission scheduling parameter.
 9. The network device of claim 8, wherein the operations further comprise, facilitating transmitting, to the user equipment, traffic data based on the transmission protocol.
 10. The network device of claim 8, wherein the determining the metric comprises obtaining speed measurements of the user equipment at different times, and wherein the metric comprises a mean or a median of the speed measurements.
 11. The network device of claim 8, wherein the determining the metric comprises determining a rate of change of a characteristic of an uplink channel from the user equipment to the network device.
 12. The network device of claim 8, wherein the determining the metric comprises determining a rate of change of channel quality information of the transmissions between the network device and the user equipment.
 13. The network device of claim 8, wherein the transmission scheduling parameter comprises a modulation and coding parameter applicable to modulation and coding of data streams for the transmissions between the user equipment and the network device.
 14. The network device of claim 8, wherein the message instructing the user equipment comprises an instruction to exclude, from the channel state information feedback report, a third indicator of channel state information used to select a precoding matrix for the transmissions between the network device and the user equipment.
 15. A network node device, comprising: a processor; and a memory that stores executable instructions that, when executed by the processor, facilitate performance of operations, comprising: determining a metric representative of a shift in a received frequency of a signal determined to have been received by a user equipment and an actual frequency determined to have been used to transmit the signal; in response to the metric being determined to exceed a threshold, facilitating transmitting, to the user equipment, a message instructing the user equipment to enable a reception of transmission signals having a precoding rank value of one, wherein the precoding rank value of one indicates transmissions of data comprising same content concurrently from the network node device to the user equipment; facilitating transmitting, to the user equipment, reference signals specific to the user equipment and having the precoding rank value of one; receiving, from the user equipment, feedback comprising indicators of channel quality, determined from evaluating each of the reference signals, wherein the indicators of channel quality are applicable to a quality of a channel between the network node device and the user equipment; based on the feedback, selecting one of the indicators of channel quality to determine a transmission scheduling parameter related to a transmission protocol for further transmissions from the network node device to the user equipment; and facilitating transmitting, to the user equipment, the transmission scheduling parameter.
 16. The network node device of claim 15, wherein the operations further comprise facilitating transmitting, to the user equipment, traffic data based on the transmission protocol.
 17. The network node device of claim 15, wherein the determining the metric comprises obtaining speed measurements of the user equipment at multiple times, and wherein the metric comprises an average of the speed measurements.
 18. The network node device of claim 15, wherein the determining the metric comprises determining a rate of change of a characteristic of an uplink channel from the user equipment to the network node device.
 19. The network node device of claim 15, wherein the determining the metric comprises determining a rate of change of channel quality information of previous transmissions from the network node device to the user equipment, the previous transmissions occurring prior to the determining the metric.
 20. The network node device of claim 15, wherein the message instructing the user equipment further comprises an instruction to exclude from the feedback: a first indicator of rank representative of a number of different data streams transmitted between the network node device and the user equipment, and a second indicator of channel state information used to select a precoding matrix for the further transmissions from the network node device to the user equipment. 